PACKING CARGO FOR TRANSPORTATION

PACKING CARGO FOR TRANSPORTATION

Cargo packaging for transportation is a material that protects transported goods and products from environmental influences. High-quality packaging preserves products' consumer and functional properties from solar radiation, mechanical damage, and precipitation.

STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS

Legislation and international practice establish requirements for the packaging of goods during transportation. The container must comply with GOST 17527 of 2014, which duplicates the content of the world standard ISO 21067 of 2007.

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Specific rules and requirements for packaging material:

  • durability during long-term transportation, loading, and unloading;
  • immunity to precipitation, high humidity, and sudden temperature fluctuations;
  • the layout should not interfere with loading and unloading using load gripping devices;
  • the convenience of storage;
  • cleanliness and dryness;
  • the presence of auxiliary packaging (staples, tapes, sleeves, and other items);
  • Safety for working personnel.

In addition to these characteristics, the packaging of cargo for transportation must be marked - a special designation in the form of inscriptions or signs. Marking informs customers about the properties of the transported goods (quantity, characteristics, destination, and other data).

TYPES OF CARGO PACKAGING

The functionality and purpose of protective containers for transportation depend not only on the material but also on the dimensions, shape, and other characteristics.

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The main types of cargo packaging:

  • Rigid packaging - its shape is unchanged. Durable materials are used for production - wood, metal, and glass. Subtypes: crate, wooden boxes, pallets and pallets, containers, tubes, tanks, barrels;
  • Semi-rigid - usually smaller in volume than rigid, often it can be folded when empty. Subspecies: boxes, cans, flasks, tetra packs, trays;
  • Soft - changes shape depending on the content. Subtypes: bags, stretch films, strapping tape, bags, twine.

Rigid packaging is used to transport and store expensive items that are easily exposed to impacts, pressure, punctures, and other mechanical influences to maintain their presentation. Examples: fragile equipment, machine tools, furniture, liquids, gases, and metal structures. Glass and metal can be sealed to prevent oxygen and mold from entering the contents. In addition, the usually transported content is additionally fixed.

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Semi-rigid varieties are in demand to transport items that are resistant to mechanical damage (durable parts or products). Semi-rigid containers are made of cardboard, plastic, or polymer compounds.

Soft containers are the primary way of finished packaging products and bulk materials (meat, fish, vegetables, fruits, cereals, etc.). The soft-shell can be glued to protect the contents from oxidation. Films or bags are also used as an ancillary material to protect items in rigid containers.

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According to the method of transportation, the following types of cargo packaging are distinguished:

  • marine;
  • aviation;
  • automobile;
  • Railway.

There are also export and northern containers, which are developed for different climatic conditions.

According to the scope of application, the following types of packaging materials for the transport of goods are distinguished:

  • industrial - for bulky, valuable, and dangerous goods, machine tools, equipment, machinery;
  • household - for refrigerators, TVs, doors, and other household items;
  • Agricultural - for perishable goods, food, fertilizers, hay, etc.

According to the type of things transported, the following forms are distinguished:

  • overall (for products with a given shape);
  • oversized (for bulk and liquid materials);
  • big (for large goods);
  • Small (for small parts).

The variety of options and materials for packaging goods creates difficulties in selecting the correct container. It is necessary to take into account the weight and dimensions of things and the terms of transportation, types of transport, and weather conditions. It is not worth neglecting the peculiarities of the transported goods - this will affect the quality and safety of the cargo.

 

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